Summary

Summary {data-width=650}

Manhattan plot

manhattan_plot

QQ plot

qq_plot

AF plot

af_plot

P-Z plot

pz_plot

beta_std plot

beta_std_plot

Metadata

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}
 

LDSC

*********************************************************************
* LD Score Regression (LDSC)
* Version 1.0.1
* (C) 2014-2019 Brendan Bulik-Sullivan and Hilary Finucane
* Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard / MIT Department of Mathematics
* GNU General Public License v3
*********************************************************************
Call: 
./ldsc.py \
--h2 /data/cromwell-executions/qc/215c1327-7aef-468d-ae36-ab303651184e/call-ldsc/inputs/-261044479/ieu-b-4832.vcf.gz \
--ref-ld-chr /data/ref/eur_w_ld_chr/ \
--out /data/igd/ieu-b-4832/ldsc.txt \
--w-ld-chr /data/ref/eur_w_ld_chr/ 

Beginning analysis at Wed Jan  5 09:59:06 2022
Reading summary statistics from /data/cromwell-executions/qc/215c1327-7aef-468d-ae36-ab303651184e/call-ldsc/inputs/-261044479/ieu-b-4832.vcf.gz ...
Read summary statistics for 7892730 SNPs.
Dropped 38590 SNPs with duplicated rs numbers.
Reading reference panel LD Score from /data/ref/eur_w_ld_chr/[1-22] ... (ldscore_fromlist)
Read reference panel LD Scores for 1290028 SNPs.
Removing partitioned LD Scores with zero variance.
Reading regression weight LD Score from /data/ref/eur_w_ld_chr/[1-22] ... (ldscore_fromlist)
Read regression weight LD Scores for 1290028 SNPs.
After merging with reference panel LD, 1196616 SNPs remain.
After merging with regression SNP LD, 1196616 SNPs remain.
Using two-step estimator with cutoff at 30.
Total Observed scale h2: 0.1701 (0.0146)
Lambda GC: 1.3239
Mean Chi^2: 1.4158
Intercept: 1.1489 (0.0099)
Ratio: 0.3581 (0.0239)
Analysis finished at Wed Jan  5 10:00:56 2022
Total time elapsed: 1.0m:49.77s

QC metrics

Metrics

Metrics

{
    "af_correlation": "NA",
    "inflation_factor": 1.2998,
    "mean_EFFECT": -0.0002,
    "n": 76511,
    "n_snps": 7892788,
    "n_clumped_hits": 47,
    "n_p_sig": 3403,
    "n_mono": 0,
    "n_ns": 285919,
    "n_mac": 0,
    "is_snpid_unique": false,
    "n_miss_EFFECT": 0,
    "n_miss_SE": 0,
    "n_miss_PVAL": 0,
    "n_miss_AF": 7892788,
    "n_miss_AF_reference": 161488,
    "n_est": "NA",
    "ratio_se_n": "NA",
    "mean_diff": "NaN",
    "ratio_diff": "NaN",
    "sd_y_est1": "NaN",
    "sd_y_est2": "NA",
    "r2_sum1": 0,
    "r2_sum2": 0,
    "r2_sum3": 0,
    "r2_sum4": 0,
    "ldsc_nsnp_merge_refpanel_ld": 1196616,
    "ldsc_nsnp_merge_regression_ld": 1196616,
    "ldsc_observed_scale_h2_beta": 0.1701,
    "ldsc_observed_scale_h2_se": 0.0146,
    "ldsc_intercept_beta": 1.1489,
    "ldsc_intercept_se": 0.0099,
    "ldsc_lambda_gc": 1.3239,
    "ldsc_mean_chisq": 1.4158,
    "ldsc_ratio": 0.3581
}
 

Flags

name value
af_correlation NA
inflation_factor TRUE
n FALSE
is_snpid_non_unique TRUE
mean_EFFECT_nonfinite FALSE
mean_EFFECT_05 FALSE
mean_EFFECT_01 FALSE
mean_chisq TRUE
n_p_sig TRUE
miss_EFFECT FALSE
miss_SE FALSE
miss_PVAL FALSE
ldsc_ratio FALSE
ldsc_intercept_beta FALSE
n_clumped_hits FALSE
r2_sum1 FALSE
r2_sum2 FALSE
r2_sum3 FALSE
r2_sum4 FALSE

Definitions

General metrics

  • af_correlation: Correlation coefficient between AF and AF_reference.
  • inflation_factor (lambda): Genomic inflation factor.
  • mean_EFFECT: Mean of EFFECT size.
  • n: Maximum value of reported sample size across all SNPs, \(n\).
  • n_clumped_hits: Number of clumped hits.
  • n_snps: Number of SNPs
  • n_p_sig: Number of SNPs with pvalue below 5e-8.
  • n_mono: Number of monomorphic (MAF == 1 or MAF == 0) SNPs.
  • n_ns: Number of SNPs with nonsense values:
    • alleles other than A, C, G or T.
    • P-values < 0 or > 1.
    • negative or infinite standard errors (<= 0 or = Infinity).
    • infinite beta estimates or allele frequencies < 0 or > 1.
  • n_mac: Number of cases where MAC (\(2 \times N \times MAF\)) is less than 6.
  • is_snpid_unique: true if the combination of ID REF ALT is unique and therefore no duplication in snpid.
  • n_miss_<*>: Number of NA observations for <*> column.

se_n metrics

  • n_est: Estimated sample size value, \(\widehat{n}\).
  • ratio_se_n: \(\texttt{ratio_se_n} = \frac{\sqrt{\widehat{n}}}{\sqrt{n}}\). We expect ratio_se_n to be 1. When it is not 1, it implies that the trait did not have a variance of 1, the reported sample size is wrong, or that the SNP-level effective sample sizes differ markedly from the reported sample size.
  • mean_diff: \(\texttt{mean_diff} = \sum_{j} \frac{\widehat{\beta_j^{std}} - \beta_j}{\texttt{n_snps}}\), mean difference between the standardised beta, predicted from P-values, and the observed beta. The difference should be very close to zero if trait has a variance of 1.
    • \(\widehat{\beta_j^{std}} = \sqrt{\frac{{z}_j^2 / ({z}_j^2 + n -2)}{2 \times {MAF}_j \times (1 - {MAF}_j)}} \times sign({z}_j)\),
    • \({z}_j = \frac{\beta_j}{{se}_j}\),
    • and \(\beta_j\) is the reported effect size.
  • ratio_diff: \(\texttt{ratio_diff} = |\frac{\texttt{mean_diff}}{\texttt{mean_diff2}}|\), absolute ratio between the mean of diff and the mean of diff2 (expected difference between the standardised beta predicted from P-values, and the standardised beta derived from the observed beta divided by the predicted SD; NOT reported). The ratio should be close to 1. If different from 1, then implies that the betas are not in a standard deviation scale.
    • \(\texttt{mean_diff2} = \sum_{j} \frac{\widehat{\beta_j^{std}} - \beta^{\prime}_j}{\texttt{n_snps}}\)
    • \(\beta^{\prime}_j = \frac{\beta_j}{\widehat{\texttt{sd2}}_{y}}\)
  • sd_y_est1: The standard deviation for the trait inferred from the reported sample size, median standard errors for the SNP-trait assocations and SNP variances.
    • \(\widehat{\texttt{sd1}}_{y} = \frac{\sqrt{n} \times median({se}_j)}{C}\),
    • \(C = median(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2 \times {MAF}_j \times (1 - {MAF}_j)}})\),
    • and \({se}_j\) is the reported standard error.
  • sd_y_est2: The standard deviation for the trait inferred from the reported sample size, Z statistics for the SNP-trait effects (beta/se) and allele frequency.
    • \(\widehat{\texttt{sd2}}_{y} = median(\widehat{sd_j})\),
    • \(\widehat{sd_j} = \frac{\beta_j}{\widehat{\beta_j^{std}}}\),

r2 metrics

Sum of variance explained, calculated from the clumped top hits sample.

  • r2_sum<*>: r2 statistics under various assumptions
    • 1: \(r^2 = \sum_j{\frac{2 \times \beta_j^2 \times {MAF}_j \times (1 - {MAF}_j)}{\texttt{var1}}}\), \(\texttt{var1} = 1\).
    • 2: \(r^2 = \sum_j{\frac{2 \times \beta_j^2 \times {MAF}_j \times (1 - {MAF}_j)}{\texttt{var2}}}\), \(\texttt{var2} = {\widehat{\texttt{sd1}}_{y}}^2\),
    • 3: \(r^2 = \sum_j{\frac{2 \times \beta_j^2 \times {MAF}_j \times (1 - {MAF}_j)}{\texttt{var3}}}\), \(\texttt{var3} = {\widehat{\texttt{sd2}}_{y}}^2\),
    • 4: \(r^2 = \sum_j{\frac{F_j}{F_j + n - 2}}\), \(F = \frac{\beta_j^2}{{se}_j^2}\).

LDSC metrics

Metrics from LD regression

  • ldsc_nsnp_merge_refpanel_ld: Number of remaining SNPs after merging with reference panel LD.
  • ldsc_nsnp_merge_regression_ld: Number of remaining SNPs after merging with regression SNP LD.
  • ldsc_observed_scale_h2_{beta,se} Coefficient value and SE for total observed scale h2.
  • ldsc_intercept_{beta,se}: Coefficient value and SE for intercept. Intercept is expected to be 1.
  • ldsc_lambda_gc: Lambda GC statistics.
  • ldsc_mean_chisq: Mean \(\chi^2\) statistics.
  • ldsc_ratio: \(\frac{\texttt{ldsc_intercept_beta} - 1}{\texttt{ldsc_mean_chisq} - 1}\), the proportion of the inflation in the mean \(\chi^2\) that the LD Score regression intercepts ascribes to causes other than polygenic heritability. The value of ratio should be close to zero, though in practice values of 0.1-0.2 are not uncommon, probably due to sample/reference LD Score mismatch or model misspecification (e.g., low LD variants have slightly higher \(h^2\) per SNP).

Flags

When a metric needs attention, the flag should return TRUE.

  • af_correlation: abs(af_correlation) < 0.7.
  • inflation_factor: inflation_factor > 1.2.
  • n: n (max reported sample size) < 10000.
  • is_snpid_non_unique: NOT is_snpid_unique.
  • mean_EFFECT_nonfinite: mean(EFFECT) is NA, NaN, or Inf.
  • mean_EFFECT_05: abs(mean(EFFECT)) > 0.5.
  • mean_EFFECT_01: abs(mean(EFFECT)) > 0.1.
  • mean_chisq: ldsc_mean_chisq > 1.3 or ldsc_mean_chisq < 0.7.
  • n_p_sig: n_p_sig > 1000.
  • miss_<*>: n_miss_<*> / n_snps > 0.01.
  • ldsc_ratio: ldsc_ratio > 0.5
  • ldsc_intercept_beta: ldsc_intercept_beta > 1.5
  • n_clumped_hits: n_clumped_hits > 1000
  • r2_sum<*>: r2_sum<*> > 0.5

Plots

  • Manhattan plot
    • Red line: \(-log_{10}^{5 \times 10^{-8}}\)
    • Blue line: \(-log_{10}^{5 \times 10^{-5}}\)
  • QQ plot
  • AF plot
  • P-Z plot
  • beta_std plot: Scatter plot between \(\widehat{\beta_j^{std}}\) and \(\beta_j\)

Diagnostics

Details

Summary stats

skim_type skim_variable n_missing complete_rate character.min character.max character.empty character.n_unique character.whitespace logical.mean logical.count numeric.mean numeric.sd numeric.p0 numeric.p25 numeric.p50 numeric.p75 numeric.p100 numeric.hist
character ID 14 0.9999982 3 58 0 7892661 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
character REF 0 1.0000000 1 43 0 16674 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
character ALT 0 1.0000000 1 44 0 6032 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
logical AF 7892788 0.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NaN : NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA
numeric CHROM 0 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 8.643539e+00 5.753999e+00 1.0000e+00 4.000000e+00 8.000000e+00 1.300000e+01 2.200000e+01 ▇▅▅▂▂
numeric POS 0 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.907661e+07 5.635413e+07 3.0200e+02 3.279860e+07 6.985354e+07 1.148346e+08 2.492223e+08 ▇▆▅▂▁
numeric EFFECT 0 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA -1.542000e-04 1.682437e-01 -2.3393e+00 -8.610000e-02 -2.000000e-04 8.560000e-02 2.111800e+00 ▁▁▇▁▁
numeric SE 0 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1.320464e-01 6.971580e-02 6.6500e-02 7.720000e-02 1.017000e-01 1.685000e-01 4.116000e-01 ▇▂▂▁▁
numeric PVAL 0 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.579604e-01 2.998504e-01 0.0000e+00 1.873001e-01 4.419000e-01 7.185004e-01 1.000000e+00 ▇▆▆▆▆
numeric PVAL_ztest 0 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 4.579605e-01 2.998505e-01 0.0000e+00 1.872960e-01 4.419355e-01 7.185489e-01 1.000000e+00 ▇▆▆▆▆
numeric AF_reference 161488 0.9795398 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 2.649183e-01 2.521992e-01 1.9970e-04 5.750800e-02 1.795130e-01 4.137380e-01 1.000000e+00 ▇▃▂▁▁
numeric N 0 1.0000000 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7.518967e+04 2.877990e+03 6.6631e+04 7.561800e+04 7.651100e+04 7.651100e+04 7.651100e+04 ▁▁▁▁▇

Head and tail

CHROM POS ID REF ALT EFFECT SE PVAL PVAL_ztest AF AF_reference N
1 797440 rs58013264 T C 0.1528 0.1068 0.1525001 0.1525129 NA 0.189497 75618
1 798400 rs10900604 A G 0.0901 0.0873 0.3020000 0.3020378 NA 0.410543 76511
1 798959 rs11240777 G A 0.0889 0.0874 0.3089997 0.3090761 NA 0.409944 76511
1 801467 rs61768212 G C 0.1161 0.1067 0.2764999 0.2765521 NA 0.193091 75618
1 804759 rs7526310 C T 0.1137 0.1068 0.2870999 0.2870539 NA 0.193890 75618
1 808223 rs4951933 G C -0.1084 0.0890 0.2229000 0.2232325 NA 0.452077 66631
1 808631 rs11240779 G A -0.1043 0.0850 0.2198999 0.2198005 NA 0.453474 75618
1 808928 rs11240780 C T -0.1062 0.0850 0.2116002 0.2115145 NA 0.452276 75618
1 845274 rs112856858 G T 0.0883 0.0931 0.3428996 0.3429042 NA 0.374002 66631
1 845635 rs117086422 C T 0.0971 0.0891 0.2757998 0.2758071 NA 0.158546 75618
CHROM POS ID REF ALT EFFECT SE PVAL PVAL_ztest AF AF_reference N
22 51177257 rs73174437 C T -0.1976 0.1921 0.3036002 0.3036531 NA 0.0091853 75618
22 51178607 rs6010067 G C -0.3472 0.2544 0.1722999 0.1723222 NA 0.0814696 75618
22 51180878 rs6010069 A G 0.0170 0.0961 0.8599001 0.8595877 NA 0.1589460 66631
22 51180959 rs6010070 A G 0.0185 0.0960 0.8471999 0.8471874 NA 0.2056710 66631
22 51181685 rs34756634 G A 0.0408 0.1093 0.7090992 0.7089367 NA 0.7118610 66631
22 51181687 rs9616955 A T 0.0268 0.1557 0.8631000 0.8633386 NA 0.0485224 66631
22 51181759 rs13056621 A G -0.0734 0.1073 0.4935998 0.4939351 NA 0.6761180 75618
22 51182090 rs28516879 G A 0.1728 0.1393 0.2148998 0.2147949 NA 0.0467252 75618
22 51185848 rs3865764 G A 0.0413 0.1820 0.8206999 0.8204836 NA 0.9776360 75618
22 51188319 rs139620215 T C 0.4048 0.3157 0.1999001 0.1997620 NA 0.0037939 75618

bcf preview

1   797440  rs58013264  T   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.1528:0.1068:0.81673:75618:rs58013264
1   798400  rs10900604  A   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0901:0.0873:0.519993:76511:rs10900604
1   798959  rs11240777  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0889:0.0874:0.510042:76511:rs11240777
1   801467  rs61768212  G   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.1161:0.1067:0.558305:75618:rs61768212
1   804759  rs7526310   C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.1137:0.1068:0.541967:75618:rs7526310
1   808223  rs1557576983    G   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.1084:0.089:0.65189:66631:rs1557576983
1   808631  rs11240779  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.1043:0.085:0.657775:75618:rs11240779
1   808928  rs1247187939    C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.1062:0.085:0.674484:75618:rs1247187939
1   845274  rs1324283754    G   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0883:0.0931:0.464833:66631:rs1324283754
1   845635  rs117086422 C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0971:0.0891:0.559406:75618:rs117086422
1   845938  rs57760052  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.1037:0.0885:0.616723:75618:rs57760052
1   846078  rs778265812 C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.055:0.0917:0.260665:75618:rs778265812
1   846398  rs58781670  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.11:0.0896:0.658763:75618:rs58781670
1   846465  rs60454217  C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.48:0.2732:1.10276:75618:rs60454217
1   846543  rs79396034  G   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.5618:0.2902:1.27704:66631:rs79396034
1   846808  rs4475691   C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.055:0.0915:0.261457:75618:rs4475691
1   846864  rs1269142199    G   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0395:0.0916:0.176461:75618:rs1269142199
1   847228  rs3905286   C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0645:0.0903:0.323306:75618:rs3905286
1   847491  rs1158719307    G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0705:0.0892:0.367138:75618:rs1158719307
1   848090  rs4246505   G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0644:0.0895:0.326058:75618:rs4246505
1   848445  rs1156895099    G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.066:0.0896:0.336111:75618:rs1156895099
1   848456  rs11507767  A   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.067:0.0896:0.342466:75618:rs11507767
1   848738  rs3829741   C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0642:0.0895:0.324955:75618:rs3829741
1   850062  rs28723578  A   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0699:0.0892:0.363011:75618:rs28723578
1   850123  rs28622257  C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0609:0.0895:0.304781:75618:rs28622257
1   851190  rs28609852  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0701:0.0892:0.364818:75618:rs28609852
1   851204  rs28552953  G   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0699:0.0883:0.367847:75618:rs28552953
1   852664  rs28605311  C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0364:0.0902:0.163296:75618:rs28605311
1   852758  rs4970462   G   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.036:0.0902:0.161214:75618:rs4970462
1   853239  rs4970380   A   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0367:0.0902:0.165134:75618:rs4970380
1   853805  rs3748591   C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.5211:0.2418:1.5064:75618:rs3748591
1   854250  rs7537756   A   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0489:0.09:0.231362:75618:rs7537756
1   854429  rs72902552  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.5097:0.2418:1.45506:75618:rs72902552
1   856436  rs34105146  TG  T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.003:0.0953:0.0110399:66631:rs34105146
1   856476  rs4040605   A   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0016:0.075:0.00762324:75618:rs4040605
1   857177  rs386627408 T   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.6512:0.2406:2.16768:75618:rs386627408
1   858040  rs4970460   C   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.026:0.0883:0.114243:75618:rs4970460
1   858051  rs4970459   C   T   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.027:0.0883:0.119415:75618:rs4970459
1   858801  rs7418179   A   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.1244:0.0856:0.835647:75618:rs7418179
1   859404  rs71509444  C   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.5385:0.2465:1.53895:66631:rs71509444
1   859685  rs111572704 G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  0.0238:0.0929:0.0983238:66631:rs111572704
1   859690  rs71509445  C   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.5717:0.2674:1.48812:66631:rs71509445
1   859701  rs71509446  C   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.5717:0.2674:1.48812:66631:rs71509446
1   859913  rs1187056171    A   G   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.4905:0.2609:1.22113:75618:rs1187056171
1   860416  rs61464428  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.1242:0.0857:0.831797:75618:rs61464428
1   860461  rs57465118  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.5647:0.2339:1.80272:75618:rs57465118
1   860521  rs57924093  C   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.5647:0.2339:1.80272:75618:rs57924093
1   860688  rs60837925  G   A   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.1262:0.0857:0.851706:75618:rs60837925
1   860854  rs57816555  T   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.5685:0.2887:1.30989:66631:rs57816555
1   861008  rs28521172  G   C   .   PASS    .   ES:SE:LP:SS:ID  -0.5621:0.234:1.78808:75618:rs28521172